Understanding Your Bank of America FICO Score

Detailed breakdown of FICO score components

Intro

In today's financial landscape, understanding your credit score can be a game changer. A credit score is not just a number; it reflects how lenders view your creditworthiness. Among various scoring models, the FICO score is widely regarded as an industry standard, particularly by Bank of America. This article seeks to shed light on the nuances of your FICO score, what it encompasses, and how you can actively work to improve it.

Key Concepts and Definitions

Overview of Investment Terms

When exploring your FICO score, it's essential to grasp some underlying terms that play a significant role in your overall financial health. The FICO score may range from 300 to 850, with higher scores indicating lower risk for lenders. The score is impacted by five primary components:

Payment History (35%): Consistency in making payments on time.
Credit Utilization (30%): The ratio of your outstanding credit card balances to your credit limits.
Length of Credit History (15%): The age of your oldest and newest accounts, showing how long you've responsibly managed credit.
New Credit (10%): The number of recently opened credit accounts and inquiries.
Types of Credit Used (10%): Diversity in your credit mix including revolving credit, installment loans, and more.

Understanding these components is crucial, as they help demystify how lenders, including Bank of America, evaluate your creditworthiness.

Significance of Understanding Financial Terminology

Grasping financial terminology not only empowers you but also provides a tactical advantage in managing your financial profile. Familiarity with terms like credit utilization and payment history helps you make targeted decisions. For instance, if you notice your credit utilization is high, you might consider paying down some balances or asking for a credit limit increase.

Moreover, knowing financial terms arms you with the right questions to ask your bank, especially when looking to leverage services that might help enhance your score.

Expert Insights and Advice

Investment Strategies for Beginners

For those new to the financial scene, starting off on the right foot with your credit score can set a solid foundation. Here are some practical strategies:

Educate Yourself: Get familiar with your credit report. You can obtain a free report annually from AnnualCreditReport.com.
Pay Bills on Time: Late payments can set you back significantly. Set up reminders or automate your payments to avoid pitfalls.
Limit New Credit Applications: Each application runs a hard inquiry on your credit, which can lower your score.

Advanced Techniques for Seasoned Investors

If you’re already on your investment journey, here are a few advanced tactics to enhance your FICO score:

Diversify Your Credit: Introduce different types of credit accounts. Having a mix can positively impact your score.
Negotiate for Better Terms: Don’t shy away from contacting your lender to negotiate for lower interest rates or to rectify any inaccurate information on your report.
Monitor Regularly: Use services that provide alerts and updates related to your score. Being informed allows you to act quickly.

Remember, the goal is not just to achieve a higher FICO score but to understand how the score impacts your broader financial life.

Preamble to FICO Scores

In today's financial landscape, understanding your FICO score is critical for anyone looking to secure loans or even rent an apartment. This score holds weight in more situations than one might assume. It acts as a gatekeeper, influencing credit decisions and shaping financial opportunities.

Getting a grasp on what a FICO score is and why it matters can help demystify the often confusing world of credit scores. More than just a number, a FICO score reflects your creditworthiness, derived from your financial behaviors such as timely payments, amount of debt, and length of credit history. Banks, including Bank of America, utilize this score as a key factor in making credit decisions, which is why being proactive about understanding it is essential.

Definition of FICO Scores

The term "FICO" originates from the Fair Isaac Corporation, the company behind this scoring model. A FICO score generally ranges from 300 to 850. Higher scores signal good credit management, while lower scores may indicate a history of late payments or mismanagement of funds.

This score is calculated based on several factors:

Payment History: Have your bills been paid on time?
Credit Utilization: How much of your available credit are you using?
Length of Credit History: How long have you been borrowing?
Types of Credit Accounts: What kinds of credit do you have (e.g. credit cards, installment loans)?
Recent Credit Inquiries: Have you applied for credit recently?

Each of these areas plays a crucial part in defining a FICO score, making it essential to keep them in check.

Importance of Credit Scores

A credit score is more than just a number; it's a major factor that can either open doors or close them tight. A solid score can lead to better interest rates on mortgages, car loans, and even credit cards. On the flip side, a low score often means paying higher interest or being denied credit altogether.

Consider these critical points regarding the importance of credit scores:

Loan Approvals: Lenders like Bank of America will assess your credit score to decide if you're a suitable candidate for a loan. A high score improves your chances.
Interest Rates: With a higher score, you may secure lower interest rates, which can save you thousands over the life of a loan.
Employment Opportunities: Interestingly, some employers look at credit scores as part of their hiring process, especially for positions that involve financial responsibilities.
Insurance Premiums: Your credit score can even influence how much you pay for insurance, with better scores often leading to lower premiums.

"Your FICO score is not just a snapshot of your credit; it's your financial reputation in the eyes of lenders."

By understanding FICO scores and their implications, you empower yourself to make better financial choices. You can manage your finances better, plan for significant purchases with greater confidence, and ultimately lay a solid foundation for your financial future.

How Bank of America Uses FICO Scores

Understanding how Bank of America utilizes FICO scores is essential for anyone looking to delve into the workings of credit assessments. The FICO score is like a report card for managing debt and credit history. Bank of America employs these scores as a key framework for making critical financial decisions that affect both the bank and the consumers. It’s not just about numbers; it reflects on how responsible one has been with credit in the past and predicts how they might behave in the future.

Credit Decisions

When it comes to lending money, Bank of America relies heavily on FICO scores to evaluate potential borrowers. A high score is generally seen as a sign of reliability. Essentially, the bank discerns one's creditworthiness based on statistical models that consider various factors.

For instance, a customer with a score above 700 might find themselves on the receiving end of better loan offers or lower interest rates. Conversely, those with lower scores might face higher charges or outright denials. This skimming of applications based on FICO scores allows the bank to limit risk—making sure that money entrusted to them is lent to individuals who have demonstrated they know how to manage it.

Another dimension is that Bank of America takes into account not just the score itself, but the various components contributing to it: payment history, how much credit you're using, and your credit mix. They might also look at the trends in your score over time. After all, a consistent history of on-time payments can speak volumes even if the score itself isn’t stellar yet.

"Your credit score is a window into your financial habits. The clearer it is, the easier it is to gain access to financial opportunities."

Loan Products and Eligibility

The breadth of loan products that Bank of America offers can be bewildering. But a common thread is the reliance on FICO scores to determine eligibility. When buying a home or applying for a credit card, for instance, the bank will evaluate the applicant’s score to gauge which products might fit them best.

For mortgage application, scores play a pivotal role. Generally, those accounting for higher scores can enjoy lower interest rates over a longer loan term, which translates into significant savings over years.
Those who might not score high enough for premium credit cards may be directed towards secured credit card options where they can gradually improve their rating by demonstrating financial responsibility.

This linkage between FICO scores and product eligibility showcases the symbiotic relationship between consumers and the bank’s offerings. It creates an environment where many individuals can craft a path for better financial health while allowing the bank to maintain its stability and ensure profitability.

In essence, knowing how Bank of America uses FICO scores empowers users to take proactive steps. Improving one's score can not only unlock better deals but also foster a sense of financial achievement in navigating the complicated world of credit.

Components of the FICO Score

The FICO score is not just a singular number; it's a comprehensive reflection of an individual's creditworthiness that takes multiple factors into account. Understanding the components of this score arranged by Bank of America is crucial for anyone looking to navigate their financial landscape effectively. Each of these elements plays a vital role in determining your overall score, with their influence varying significantly. Here’s a closer look at these components and why they matter.

Payment History

Your payment history is undoubtedly one of the most significant sections of your FICO score, accounting for about 35% of the total score. This means that timely repayments of debts such as credit cards, mortgages, and other loans contribute heavily to your score. If there are late payments, defaults, or bankruptcies on your record, these blemishes can weigh down your score for years.

To maintain a good score, it’s essential to make every payment on time. Even one late payment can be like a pebble in your shoe, irritating enough to affect your financial mobility. Moreover, if you're new to credit, establishing a history of on-time payments shows lenders that you're reliable. Regularly checking your payment status with Bank of America can help keep it polished and prevent any surprises on your report.

Credit Utilization Rate

Credit utilization is another critical aspect, representing approximately 30% of your score. This figure indicates how much of your available credit you’re currently using. A high utilization rate can signal to lenders that you might be struggling financially or overly reliant on credit, both of which can pull your score down.

A good rule of thumb is to keep your utilization rate below 30%. It’s like keeping your car’s gas tank under a quarter full; it ensures that you always have some reserve. Bank of America offers tools to help you monitor this, making it easier to manage how much credit you’re utilizing in relation to your limits.

Length of Credit History

This component often is overlooked yet holds substantial weight, accounting for about 15% of your FICO score. The length of credit history is an indicator of your experience as a borrower. A longer history trumps a shorter one since it provides lenders with a clearer picture of your borrowing habits.

If you're just starting, consider keeping older accounts open, even if you’re not using them actively. This can help stretch your average credit age and improve your score over time. Think of it as stacking up years of experience; the more you have, the more valid your credibility in the eyes of lenders.

Types of Credit Accounts

Diversity in your credit mix makes up around 10% of your FICO score. Lenders like to see that you can manage various types of credit accounts: revolving credit (like credit cards), installment loans (such as car loans and mortgages), and others. It’s akin to being a multi-skilled handyman compared to just a one-trick pony.

If your credit profile is slim, consider adding variety cautiously. But remember, don’t open new accounts just for the sake of variety. Instead, choose ones that align with your financial goals, ensuring that you can manage them well.

Recent Credit Inquiries

Last but not least, recent credit inquiries cover about 10% of your FICO score. Whenever you apply for a new credit account, a hard inquiry appears on your report, signaling to lenders that you’re seeking credit. Too many inquiries in a short period may raise eyebrows, suggesting that you're either financially unstable or are being too aggressive in seeking credit.

It’s better to space out your applications. A good strategy might be to focus on your credit needs over time rather than rushing into multiple applications all at once. Always remember, each application is a chance for lenders to take a peek at your creditworthiness.

By understanding these components and actively managing them with Bank of America tools, you’re positioning yourself to not only boost your FICO score but also make informed financial decisions moving forward.

Factors Affecting Your FICO Score

Understanding the intricacies behind your FICO score is pivotal. Your credit score isn't just a number—it’s a reflection of your financial reliability. It significantly shapes your ability to secure loans, mortgages, and even premium interest rates. Knowing the factors that sway this score, particularly with Bank of America’s perspective, can lead to more informed financial decisions.

Managing Debt

One of the biggest players in your FICO score is your overall debt management. If you've ever heard the saying, "don't bite off more than you can chew," this holds particularly true when it comes to credit. The amount you owe on your credit accounts, relative to your credit limit, is a critical metric. A high credit utilization ratio can raise red flags for lenders. Keep in mind, maintaining a utilization rate below 30% is generally advisable.

To manage your debt effectively:

Regularly review your spending habits.
Prioritize paying down high-interest debts first.
Consider strategies like the snowball or avalanche method for debt repayment.

This proactive approach portrays you as a responsible borrower, enhancing your score rather than sidelining it.

Timely Payments

Another cornerstone of a solid FICO score is your payment history. It's said, "A stitch in time saves nine," and in this case, timely payments on loans and credit cards save you from future financial troubles. Just one missed payment can leave a lasting black mark on your score for up to seven years.

How to ensure you never miss a payment:

Set up automatic payments to avoid slips.
Utilize calendar reminders a few days before due dates.
Keep a close eye on credit card and loan schedules.

Having a string of on-time payments signifies reliability to lenders, which can be a crucial differentiator in a competitive lending marketplace.

New Credit Accounts

While acquiring new credit might seem tempting—especially when coaxed by enticing offers—this action can influence your score in several ways. When you apply for credit, it generates a hard inquiry, which could ding your score slightly. Think of this as a temporary speed bump on your financial journey.

However, multiple inquiries in a short time frame, like applying to several loans, can paint you as a risky borrower. To navigate this wisely:

Space out credit applications and research options well in advance.
Be selective with the accounts you open; more credit isn't always better.
Take into account how new credit can affect your average account age, which is another scoring factor.

Monitoring Your FICO Score with Bank of America

Keeping an eye on your FICO score is like checking the weather before stepping outside; it can make a world of difference in your financial decisions. For individuals who wish to maintain or enhance their credit standing, especially those banking with Bank of America, understanding the features and tools available for score monitoring is fundamental. Monitoring your score is not just about knowing the number; it’s about grasping how it can directly influence aspects of your financial life, from loan applications to interest rates.

Account Features

Bank of America has integrated various account features aimed at making credit monitoring accessible and user-friendly. One of the standout options is the Credit Score Dashboard, which allows account holders to view their FICO score along with a thorough breakdown of the components that contribute to it. This includes payment history, amounts owed, and other relevant factors.

Additionally, the dashboard provides an overview of your credit utilization, which is handy for recognizing how much of your available credit you are currently using. If you’re overusing it, you might be inadvertently harming your score. Account alerts are another boon; these notifications keep you updated on any significant changes to your credit report, allowing swift corrective action if needed.

Another noteworthy feature is the monthly credit score updates provided by Bank of America. This keeps your score fresh in your mind and makes it easier to track improvements or declines in response to your financial actions.

Here’s a bullet list of some key account features:

Credit Score Dashboard: Easy access to your FICO score.
Personalized Credit Recommendations: Suggestions based on your financial habits.
Account Alerts: Real-time updates on credit changes.
Monthly Score Updates: Keeps your score current.

By leveraging these features, customers can stay informed about their status, which can help prevent surprises when applying for credit.

Tools for Score Tracking

When it comes to tools for tracking your FICO score, Bank of America doesn’t skimp. With user-friendly apps and websites, they ensure that their clients have easy access to their credit scoring information. The Bank of America mobile app stands out in this regard. It includes features that allow users to monitor their credit score on-the-go. This can be invaluable for individuals who are busy but still want to keep tabs on their finances.

In addition to the app, Bank of America offers educational resources that explain the various elements that go into FICO scoring. Understanding these facets can demystify the scoring process for many users. They also provide a comprehensive guide for newcomers on how to improve one’s score through habits like timely payments and lower credit utilization.

For those keen on a deeper dive, consider these resources:

Online Learning Platforms: Courses on financial literacy that cover credit scores extensively.
Webinars and Workshops: Regular events hosted by Bank of America to educate clients on best practices in credit management.
Credit Score Simulator: A hypothetical tool where users can see how different actions (e.g., paying down debt) could potentially impact their FICO score.

"Knowledge is power, particularly in the realm of personal finance. The more you know your FICO score, the better positioned you are to make informed decisions."

In essence, by effectively employing Bank of America's provided tools, customers can work towards not only understanding their FICO score but also actively managing and improving it. This strategic approach can lead to more favorable outcomes in financial dealings and ultimately contribute to a more secure financial future.

Improving Your FICO Score

Improving your FICO score is a vital undertaking for anyone looking to secure favorable financial opportunities. This section sheds light on various strategies that can lead to a healthier credit profile. An elevated score can open doors—think lower interest rates, better loan options, and a more advantageous position when negotiating terms with lenders. If navigating your finances feels like a daunting task, understanding how to improve your FICO score can provide a clearer path.

Strategies for Improvement

First things first, let’s explore some straightforward tactics that can lead you to a better FICO score. It may sound straightforward, but sometimes, simple changes can deliver significant results:

Pay Your Bills on Time: This mightn’t come as a surprise, but establishing a habit of punctual payments can dramatically enhance your score. A single late payment can linger on your report for years, so set those reminders or automate your payments.
Reduce Outstanding Debt: The burden of high credit card balances can weigh down your score. Work on paying these debts down to below 30% of your credit limit. Even small payments can help, so start the ball rolling.
Increase Credit Limits: If you're in good standing with your current credit accounts, consider asking your creditors for a higher credit limit. Increasing your credit availability can improve your credit utilization ratio, which is a key part of your FICO score.
Limit New Accounts: Every time you apply for new credit, a hard inquiry is made on your credit report, possibly hurting your score. Thus, only apply for new credit when it’s necessary.
Diversify Your Credit Mix: If your credit portfolio consists solely of credit cards, consider incorporating a mix of installment loans and different types of credit. Lenders like to see a responsible mix, as it indicates you can manage various types of debt.

These strategies not only aim to boost your score but can ease financial burden as well. Remember, improving your FICO score is a marathon, not a sprint.

Utilizing Bank of America Resources

Bank of America offers several resources that can assist you in improving your FICO score effectively. Utilizing these tools can make a considerable difference:

Credit Monitoring Services: The bank's online banking platform provides credit monitoring features. You can keep a close eye on your credit report to catch any discrepancies or changes early on. This is vital for protecting your credit health.
Personalized Insights: As a Bank of America customer, you can access personalized recommendations based on your financial habits. These insights can help you identify areas where you can strengthen your credit.
Educational Resources: Bank of America’s website offers articles, webinars, and tutorials that delve into credit improvement topics. Engaging with these resources can provide clarity on complex concepts.
Financial Tools: The bank’s mobile app houses tools that can assist you in budgeting and tracking expenses. By keeping a pulse on your spending habits, you’re more likely to adhere to the strategies discussed earlier.

By leveraging the resources provided by Bank of America, you can empower yourself to take actionable steps towards a higher FICO score. Every small effort counts in this journey, and with the right tools at your disposal, you're positioning yourself for success.

Impact of FICO scores on financial decisions

The Impact of a High FICO Score

Understanding a high FICO score isn't just a feather in one's cap; it can significantly influence various aspects of your financial life. For individuals seeking to navigate the maze of loans and credit, a favorable score serves as a powerful tool. A high score can translate to a better financial landscape, impacting everything from trustworthiness in the eyes of lenders to overall financial health.

In a world where lending decisions are increasingly automated, having a high FICO score positions individuals favorably. It’s like walking into a store and being given first dibs on the best deals. Let's explore how this score affects interest rates and loan offers—two critical areas that can determine one’s financial trajectory.

Lower Interest Rates

When it comes to borrowing money, one of the first things a lender considers is the FICO score. A score that sits on the higher end of the scale can afford you lower interest rates on loans. This means that when you secure a mortgage, auto loan, or personal loan, your repayments won’t cost you an arm and a leg.

Details worth noting include the following benefits of lower interest rates:

Cost Savings: Over the lifespan of a loan, the difference in interest rates, even by fractions of a percentage points, can accumulate to considerable savings. For instance, on a $300,000 mortgage, a drop from 4% to 3.5% can save you thousands over the term of the loan.
More Purchasing Power: Lower rates can allow you to borrow more without substantially affecting your monthly budget. This can open up opportunities you may not have thought possible—like purchasing that dream home or a reliable car.
Refinancing Opportunities: If you start with a high FICO score, and market conditions shift favorably, you may find yourself eligible for refinancing options that yield even lower rates post-purchase.

As you can see, one’s score directly influences the cost of borrowing. It’s essential to treat it with the respect it deserves.

Better Loan Offers

Possessing a high FICO score doesn’t only lead to lower interest rates; it also paves the way for better loan terms. From personal loans to business financing, lenders are often more willing to extend larger sums of money with favorable conditions to those who demonstrate financial reliability through a solid score.

The analogy here is quite simple: think of it as having a VIP pass in a crowded venue. Here’s how better loan offers typically manifest:

Higher Loan Amounts: Lenders might be more inclined to generously increase your maximum credit line given that they see you as low-risk. This can be beneficial during significant purchases or investments.
Flexible Terms: With a high score, you may gain access to loans with more favorable repayment terms, such as longer repayment periods or lower fees, which can ease financial strain.
Incentives and Perks: Some lenders offer incentives for clients with high FICO scores—these might be loyalty bonuses, cashback offers, or even lower fees for certain services.

"A high credit score can not just help secure a loan; it can markedly improve the very conditions on which it is granted."

In essence, understanding and maintaining a high FICO score is crucial for any individual looking to take charge of their financial life effectively. As you make informed decisions, recognize the profound impact your score has on potential opportunities and savings.

Common Mistakes with FICO Scores

Navigating the murky waters of FICO scores can be a puzzling endeavor. Many individuals find themselves making common mistakes that can adversely affect their credit health. In this section, we’ll discuss some of these missteps, focusing on how they happen and why it’s crucial to avoid them. Whether you’re new to credit scores or a seasoned rider on this financial rollercoaster, learning from others’ blunders is a step in the right direction.

Ignoring Credit Reports

One common pitfall is failing to regularly check and review credit reports. Many folks believe that as long as they make timely payments, they don't need to bother with this part. However, the reality is far from simplistic. Your credit report contains essential information that can greatly influence your FICO score. If there are errors or inaccuracies, they can inadvertently drag your score down.

Tip: Make it a habit to request your credit report at least once a year. You can obtain a free copy from each of the three major credit bureaus: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. Not only does regularly checking your reports help you catch any potential issues early, but it also empowers you with knowledge on areas for improvement.

"Knowledge is power, and when it comes to credit scores, knowing your report inside and out is half the battle."

Additionally, a lot of times people overlook the fact that checking your credit report is not just about pouncing on errors. It’s also about understanding the different components that weigh into your score. Monitoring things like late payments or the types of accounts you hold can give you insight into your financial health and allow you to strategize effectively.

Over-Limit Credit Utilization

Another frequent mistake is maintaining a credit utilization ratio that’s over the advisable limit. This refers to how much credit you are using compared to your total available credit. Most experts recommend keeping this ratio below 30%, but many people don’t keep a close eye and let it creep higher, which can trigger red flags in the eyes of lenders.

Actionable Steps: Consider making small changes to ensure you stay within the recommended range. Here’s how:

Pay Down Balances: Regularly make payments on your outstanding balances, even if they are not yet due. This can help keep your utilization rate low.
Increase your Credit Limits: If feasible, you might ask your creditors for higher limits. Be cautious with this approach; it can backfire if it leads to increased spending.
Limit New Openings: Recognize that each new credit account can impact your score. Be strategic about when you apply for new accounts.

Keeping your utilization ratio in check is a simple yet effective way to boost your score. It shows lenders that you manage your debt responsibly, which can open doors to better interest rates and loan offers down the line.

By steering clear of these common mistakes, you can solidly secure your FICO score, ensuring you stand on a firmer foundation as you navigate your financial journey.

The Future of FICO Scoring

The landscape of credit scoring is evolving rapidly, with FICO scores being central to assessing creditworthiness. Understanding the future of FICO scoring is not just an academic exercise; it's vital for anyone who wants to grasp how credit systems operate, especially in relation to their own financial wellbeing. The shifting of paradigms in credit assessment can directly influence borrowing costs, access to loans, and the types of offers one might receive from lenders, including Bank of America. An informed perspective on these changes can result in better financial decision-making and planning.

Trends in Credit Scoring

Several trends are shaping the future of credit scoring, and it’s crucial to have our finger on the pulse of these developments.

Increased Use of Alternative Data: As traditional metrics of credit scoring are being scrutinized, many institutions are turning to alternative data to round out their evaluations. This includes factors like utility payments, rental history, and even employment records. This shift allows for a broader swath of consumers to access credit, providing individuals without extensive credit history a chance to build a score.
Emphasis on Financial Health: More financial institutions are beginning to shift focus from merely assessing risk to evaluating overall financial health. It’s about understanding sustainable borrowing behavior rather than just numerical scores. For example, a stable savings pattern might enhance a borrower’s standing just as much as a high credit score, emphasizing the holistic view of an individual’s finances.
Innovation in Scoring Models: New scoring models are emerging that factor in more variables, which aim to give a nuanced view of creditworthiness. The UltraFICO score is one such development, incorporating banking behavior into the equation. This innovation not only reflects a person’s credit habits but also their broader financial practices.

Potential Changes by Financial Institutions

The potential changes financial institutions consider regarding FICO scoring are significant. These changes could reshape the entire process of lending and creditworthiness assessment, impacting consumers profoundly.

Customized Scoring Systems: As data analytics evolves, lenders might develop personalized scoring methods that take into account a vast range of personal financial data. This could result in different scoring thresholds and criteria depending on the institution or even specific loan offers. The aim here would be to cater to individual financial situations, potentially elevating those who might have traditionally scored lower.
Integration of AI and Machine Learning: Financial institutions are increasingly employing artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in credit evaluations. This means a more dynamic approach to scoring, where algorithms analyze data in real-time, making scores less static and more reflective of current financial behavior.

"The shift to utilizing advanced technology in credit scoring is revolutionary, as it brings in more accuracy and fairness in assessing consumer creditworthiness."

Regulatory Changes: As awareness of financial inequality grows, regulators might enforce rules that require more equitable practices in credit assessments. This could involve mandates for transparency in how credit scores are calculated or the development of less discriminatory models that do not penalize consumers for circumstances beyond their control, such as medical debt.

Navigating these upcoming changes requires not just vigilance but also adaptability. As Bank of America and other institutions refine their approaches to credit scoring, borrowers must remain proactive, ready to reassess their financial strategies based on these innovations. The future looks promising, but it demands attention and understanding from individuals who wish to leverage credit to their advantage.

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